Progress Process And Prospect Of Green Hotels Environmental Sciences Essay

AbstractionDeficit of natural resources and environmental pollutions are considered as marks of planetary heating and serious universe climatic menace in the last few decennaries. Hence, environmental preservation has been increasing of import to all sectors of the economic system for the states. Though there are many touristry governments that have created the criterions or enfranchisements for environmentally sustainable hotels, really few Malaysia hotels have policies turn toing the issues. This survey aims to specify the advancement of Malayan hotel Industry and suggesting the effectivity and chance for Malayan environmental hotels.Research ObjectiveAs green becomes the colour of the twenty-four hours, the large terra incognita, nevertheless, is whether the remainder of the industry will follow suit every bit good as the uncertainness demand for green hotel. Green hotel ever near related to sustainability. A sustainable hotel should hold as little a footmark ( computation the amo unt of a edifice ‘s environmental impact ) as possible. However, it is about impossible to accomplish a zero footmark in world. Most hotels could go truly â€Å" C impersonal † merely by buying green credits or carbon-offsetting ( e.g. , paying a company to works trees to antagonize the hotel ‘s carbon-dioxide emanations ) . In fact, it requires considerable of money for a hotel traveling theirs measure towards green patterns by conserving energy, H2O and solid waste direction, etc. Therefore, the aims in this survey are: To look into the chief factor that influence regular hotel alteration into green hotel To detect the proper ways that make the regular hotel become green hotel To comprehend the hereafter of the hotel after become greenProblem StatementRecently more people are encompassing a green life style. Since bing edifices contribute about 80 % of the C emanations in some metropoliss through their energy usage, a major focal point of these attempts has been on sustainable building. Hotels use a enormous sum of energy and H2O every bit good as collect a immense sum of waste. By making their portion to conserve, recycle, and cut down, they are protecting the planet every bit good as supplying a great topographic point for eco-friendly invitees to remain. The intent of this research is to analyze the current province of green hotel industry. Further this survey besides makes the cordial reception industry taking an enterprise or implement for the interest of the environment. The industry is cognizant of these concerns, and has been look intoing environmentally-friendly options that would still turn out consistent with guest concerns for at least the last 15 years.ATheoretical ModelGreen hotel is created to diminish the sum of waste come ining landfills and increase the sum of waste that can be recycled. Hospitality industry must alter their scheme into â€Å" green † motion besides they have to seeking practical environmental that lead to a better universe. A The hotel industry could profit economically from the green motion, foremost by pulling invitees who wish to follow a greener life style, every bit good as salvaging money through cost-saving energy patterns and equipment adjustments.A Being green means ‘Green ‘ hotels are following environmentally friendly patterns and plans that will cut down energy direction ( Amy 2009 ) , H2O preservation ( JeongDoo ) , and waste direction ( Evans, 2008 ) .H4H5H3H2H1Figure 1: Conceptual model of the chief patterns of being a green hotel Hypothesis 1 ) 2 ) 3 ) 4 ) 5 )Introductionâ€Å" Green † Hotels are environmentally-friendly belongingss whose directors are eager to establish plans that save H2O, salvage energy and cut down solid waste while salvaging money to assist protect our one and merely Earth. Recently more hotels are encompassing a green life style. Bing green agencies invitees, staff and direction are healthier. Since bing edifices contribute about 80 % of the C emanations in some metropoliss through their energy usage, a major focal point of these attempts has been on sustainable building. Many hotels are reacting to consumer demands for a healthier and greener life style by doing their concern more environmentally friendly. Not merely consumer demand, fiscal inducements besides like to promote the cordial reception industry to go on developing more environmentally friendly hotel. Bing green agencies hotel are following environmentally friendly patterns and plans that will cut down energy, H2O and waste ( Amy, 2009 ) . Green attempts can be every bit basic as H2O preservation steps ( such as promoting the re-use of invitee linens ) , housekeepers using environmentally safe cleansing merchandises or Eco-sensitive watering place and bath comfortss to grander enterprises such as all-green building ( Kathy, 2007 ) . Among the more marked Eco attempts are late built hotels that weave the usage of ecologically sound building stuffs and thoughts into their very construct. Expect further rejuvenation of hotels as consumer demand additions. Harmonizing to a study conducted by the Travel Industry Association and Partnership, most grownups say they would be more likely to choose an hotel that uses more environmentally friendly merchandises and procedures, because environmentally friendly merchandise do them go more fitter. Besides supplying a positive consequence, green hotel besides give some jobs. Hotel must pay more to acquire friendly merchandise, besides they have to looking for a new topographic point to develop their green hotel. It means that they must cutting down a wood to construct their green hotel. And that makes our environment go more diminish.Literature ReviewThe Origin of Green PracticesThe hotel industry, like many other did non entertain the construct of salvaging energy for many old ages, as oil monetary values were at an all clip low in the 1980 ‘s and the early portion 1990s ( Hirschland, Oppenheim and Webb, 2008 ) . The chemical and oil industries were the first to come under probe by conservationist due to the seeable nature of their environmental impact. The cordial reception an industry took a long clip to come under examination and as a consequence was slow to take duty in cut downing the impact of their concern were holding on the environment. The construct of green or friendly hotel has become a really serious and profound subject within the cordial reception sphere in the past decennary. Bowman ( 1975, p.74 ) states that a â€Å" series of widely publicized environmental calamities signaled the globalisation of environmental concern and that society has entered the last phase of a procedure that has taken worlds from fearing, to understanding, to utilizing, to mistreating, and now to worrying about the physical and biological universe around them Cordial reception suppliers are now been forced to take duty for the impact their services are holding on the environment. In 1996, Agenda 21 for the travel and touristry industry made cordial reception suppliers aware of the demand to heighten sustainability development. There is grounds in today ‘s literature to propose the execution of environmental patterns is widespread across the cordial reception industry as the benefit are infinite, the most of import being fiscal sustainability. Pizman ( 2009 ) believes that many cordial reception organisations are non interested in environmental sustainability for selfless or ethical grounds, but are strictly puting in environmental patterns for selfish profitable grounds. Houdre ( 2006 ) , Brown ( 2006 ) and Stark ( 2009 ) have made it clear that the premier ground for implementing environmental patterns is geared towards profitableness. Cotton ( 2007 ) believes that the intent of running any concern is to do a net income and so it is dismaying the figure of cordial reception organisations that are non following green patterns in order to drive long term profitableness. This suggests that there are barriers and obstructions with respect to the execution of environmental patterns in the cordial reception industry.Green Hotels in MalaysiaOver the past decennary many organisation, both in the private and the public sectors have recognized the value of a systematic attack to the direction of their organisation ( Abdallah, 2007 ) . Superficially, it might be argued that environmental direction is non of import issue in the Malayan hotel industry. Comparing with the other environmentally developed hotel industry from other states, Malaysia hotel industry ap pears missing in the consciousness for environmentally policy ( Azusa, 2009 ) . There is a realisation among many hotels that environmental direction does non entirely intend forestalling their milieus from being polluted. Daily operational activities and consideration, which range from the usage of recycled documents to minimising the usage of heavy chemicals besides provide a important cost economy step for hotels ( Hong and Parker, 2004 ) . Therefore, it is non true to province that investing in environmental direction patterns will ensue in the escalation of operational costs and eroding of net income borders ( Foster, Sampson and Dunn, 2000 ) Harmonizing to the star.com.my five hotels in Malaysia have been chosen as the new receivers of the ASEAN Green Hotel Award 2010, conveying the entire figure of such hotel in the state to 10.the five hotels are The Andaman Langkawi in Sedah, Shangri-LA ‘s Tanjung Aru Resort & A ; Spa in Kota Kinabalu. Mines Wellnes Hotel in Selangor, Shangri-La ‘s Rasa Ria Resort in Tuaran and Renaissance Kuala Lumpur Hotel. The ASEAN Green Hotel Award 2008 receivers which managed to retain their position were Hotel Melia Kuala Lumpur, Nexus Resort Karambunai in Sabah, Shangri-La ‘s Rasa Sayang Resort & A ; Spa in Penang, Shangri-la ‘s Hotel Kuala Lumpur and The Frangipani Langkawi Resort & A ; Spa. The ASEAN Green Hotel Standard is an indispensable tool to back up ASEAN as a universe category quality finish.Zero Waste Approach – Traveling Beyond Best PracticesThis study discusses several subjects that illustrate ways hotel are going greener. Although implementing the b est patterns saves money, this study shows how to travel beyond best patterns. The end being a friendly hotel is to extinguish every bit much as possible the negative impacts on the environment both by cut downing ingestion of resources and by altering the patterns so that the waste hotel green goods can be used as natural stuff. Achieving zero waste may or may non possible in the foreseeable hereafter. What matters is working towards zero waste by go oning to implement plans as new chances to utilize antecedently wasted stuffs become available. Nowadays a few prima hotels are endeavoring to go zero waste trade names, which does non needfully intend the riddance of all byproduct. It means utilizing resources expeditiously, utilizing renewable resources and when coevals of byproducts is ineluctable, utilizing those byproduct as natural stuff for other procedures. Besides implementing zero waste, energy preservation and H2O preservation besides of import to patterns the green hotel. The cost nest eggs and environmental benefits of the nothing waste enterprise more of import and it takes to establish such a plan. The procedure of making zero waste takes several months to finish with most organisations seeing feasible consequences after the first twelvemonth ( Thayne, 2010 ) . The zero waste procedure must affect every member of the hotel, with a nucleus squad or maneuvering commission supervising the enterprise. To accomplish zero waste hotels must place how much waste exists in the organisation past to the enterprise and work together with the each member of the section to find the sum of waste created in each class. A few prima hotels today are determined to go zero waste trade name, which does non needfully intend the riddance of all by merchandises. It means that utilizing resources expeditiously, utilizing renewable resources and when coevals of by merchandise is ineluctable, utilizing those by merchandises as natural stuff for other procedures ( Abhinav and Rajeshwari, 2001 ) .Environmental Management Practices ( EMP )Over the past decennary many organisation, both in the private and the public sectors, have recognized the value of a systematic attack to the direction of their organisations. Apparently, it might be argued that environmental direction is non an of import issue in the Malayan hotel industry. After all, certain groups might reason that it is impossible for the hotels to be environmentally cognizant due to high investing cost involved. However, upon deeper scrutiny of the topic might uncover that hotels in Malaysia can non avoid facing this issue for long if they are to stay com petitory ( Ahmad, 2007 ) . There is a realisation among many hotels that environmental direction does non merely intend forestalling their milieus from being polluted. Daily operational activities and consideration, which range from the usage of recycled documents to minimising the usage of heavy chemicals besides provide a important cost economy step for hotel ( Hong & A ; Parker, 2004 ) . Environmental direction is a direction model for cut downing environmental impacts and bettering hotel public presentation overtime. In other words, environmental direction provide hotel of all types with a constructions attack for pull offing environmental and regulative duties to better overall environmental public presentation ( Vandermerwe & A ; Oliff, 1990 ) . Environmental direction pattern enterprises consist of several patterns such as holding an environmental policy, preparation and honoring workers to happen chances to forestall pollution, puting corporation broad internal criterions, set abouting internal environmental audits and following the doctrine of entire quality direction in environmental direction ( Khanna & A ; Anton, 2002 ) . In general, environmental direction pattern would include the extent to which a company has defined its environmental policy, developed processs to set up environmental aims, to choose and enforced environmental patterns assessed the result s of such patterns and has allocated environmental duties ( Klassen & A ; Whybark, 1996 ) . Such an force per unit area in the hotel industry would intend that environmental direction should be studied from all proficient and organisational angles so as to cut down the environmental impact caused by a hotel ‘ concern operations. The benefit of following Environmental Management Practices is many-sided. For case, of the streamlining of a hotel ‘s operational activities to be harmonic with environmental demands will accrue nest eggs ( Rondinelli & A ; Vastag, 1995 ) through the bar of environmental debasement in bend taking to cut down cost of production and higher net income ( Pava & A ; Krausz, 1997 ; Russo, Fouts & A ; Paul, 1997 ; Waddoek & A ; Graves, 1997 ) . Ultimately, the execution of Environmental Management Practices ‘ may supply hotels with alone environmental resources operation, capablenesss and benefits that may confabulate a competitory advantage to practicians ( Hart, 1995 ; Klassen & A ; Whybark, 1999 ) . Such benefit may obtain from image benefit, encompassing of eco-tourism and cost economy ( Aalders, 2002 ; Holland & A ; Foo, 2003 ; Kollman, 2001 ; Prakash, 2002 ) .Energy EfficiencyHotels are the largest consumers of energy non merely in constructing building but besides as constitution with complex installings, which provide invitees with high degree of multi-faceted comfort and sole comfortss, intervention and installations. Many of the services provided to hotel invitees are extremely resource intensive whether it concerns energy, H2O or natural stuffs. A important sum of the energy used is wasted go forthing sample for intelligent steps of energy efficiency and preservation ( Joseph, 2009 ) . Since the installing of energy, H2O and natural stuff salvaging techniques in hotels can accomplish environmental advancement and offer competitory advantages to hotels in surpassing their opposite numbers, many new energy salvaging installations have been introduced by the hotel sector in the past few old ages following t echnological progresss ( Willy, 2009 ) . The addition in energy monetary value agencies that energy preservation attempts should be taken to cut down the consequence of energy cost ( Weng Wai, Buang and Abdul Hakim, p.58, 2006 ) . As stated by Yukata Mizuta ( 2003 ) , energy preservation may non merely convey decreases in C dioxide emanation, but may besides take to salvaging in the outgo on energy. On a world-wide footing, the energy used in the hotels is preponderantly fossil fuel based or comes from atomic reactors ( Philip, 2009 ) . A genuinely sustainable hotel must non merely see ways to utilize energy sagely but should besides see the possibilities of heightening the usage of energy from renewable resources. About 40 % of the energy used in a hotel is electricity, 60 % comes from natural gas and oils fuels ( Niki, 2008 ) . These energy carriers are brought in by the hotel. The energy is converted by a figure of transition into the most of import internal flows of energy viz. heat, cold and illuming. Heat is used in t he signifier of hot H2O ; hot H2O is used in the signifier of hot tap H2O. Cold is used chiefly for chilling and drying the airing air, largely cold is produced in the signifier of ice H2O. Figure 1. Energy ingestion that usage in the hotel Lighting is one of the largest electrical energy consumers in the hotels, as in many other sorts of public-service corporation edifices. Figure 1 shows that some 35 % of the entire energy ingestion in hotel goes to illuming. Lighting installing must supply equal degrees of illuming for each activity. Bright and comfort degree are besides of import for illuming inside the hotels, depending on the country where illuming are required. Lighting degrees necessary for each zone are established in the lighting ordinances of each peculiar state. These degrees should be reached by the most suited lamps for each application. When it comes to the energy nest eggs that can be made on lighting, there are two chief ways. Efficient illuming Required lighting is supplied by light resources, which are made up of lamp and leading lights. The pick of light beginning depends on assorted standards, e.g. : efficiency colour temperature, colour representation index, lamp life, emanation modeaˆÂ ¦etc. Lighting in the different countries of the hotels have different demand, but it is really of import that the most efficient lamp is chosen for each application. Smart exchanging Another nest eggs can be achieved with â€Å" smart shift † of illuming. Lighting is often switched on unnecessarily when there is sufficient daytime or there is cipher in the room. With manual operated system particularly, light tend to be left firing needlessly.Water ConservationWater preservation encourage hotel to pull off how and when H2O is being used, manage both the proficient and human side of H2O direction issues. It is estimated that by 2010, H2O usage addition to about 475 gallons per twenty-four hours for each hotel room ( Sarah, 2002 ) .however in other adjustments, H2O utilizations still a cost and an of import emphasis on the local environment. In many instances H2O preservation can be a affair of buying and utilizing the proper systems. Factors that consider H2O beginnings may include renewability, possible impact on the environment and H2O supplies every bit good as economic benefit. Some of developing states, hotel H2O usage may impact the H2O supplies of the local people. Any H2O usage decrease plan must hold full support of the each member of the hotel. Some hotel estimated that merely little per centum of H2O consumed by the invitee, the ba lance is used by the fille de chambres during cleansing. Water is important resources for the cordial reception industry as it limited resource and needed for figure activities as illustrated in figure 2. Figure 2. Hotel H2O system and usage Identifying where H2O usage is utmost of import to hotel in developing countries. With increasing consciousness of cost economy chances through H2O preservation, assorted related plans have been developed and implemented among hotel companies. Harmonizing to Marriott International ( 2007 ) linen reuse plan, promoting invitees to recycle lines and towels during they stay contributes to salvaging 11 to 17 % on hot H2O. Previous literature besides reported that linen and towel reuse plans are well-established patterns in hotel in most states, with more than two-thirds of the respondents in surveies conducted in different states utilizing such plan ( Bohdanowicz, 2006 ; Erdogan and Baris 2007 ; Mensah, 2006 ) . This plan saves non merely hot H2O and energy, but besides reduces the usage of detergents and thereby reduces effluent.Waste ManagementCordial reception industry can go of import factor in the minimisation of waste that is presently disposed of at landfill sites. Waste direction has been designed and implemented to cut down the volume and toxicity of refuse ( Iwanowski and Rushmore, 1994 ) . Erdogan and Barish ( 2007 ) conducted a survey to analyze environmental patterns and found that paper and nutrient waste are the greatest sum of waste generated beginnings of hotels. Previous research indicates that the degree of hotels ‘ committedness to blow screening and recycling varies, depending on regulative force per unit areas and local authorities ‘s support. Waste minimisation and direction involves cut down, reuse and recycling. These attempts combine to minimise the sum of waste disposed and the cost of disposal and aid to guarantee that concluding disposal is done in an sanctioned and sustainable mode. Minimizing waste coevals begins in buying map. Buying in majority, utilizing merchandise manufactured from recycled stuffs, commanding the use of merchandise to avoid waste and working with provider to minimise merchandise packaging are all proved ways to minimise waste coevals ( David, 2002 ) Reuse as a agency of waste decrease has been practiced in the cordial reception industry for many old ages ; beverage container such as those keeping syrup dressed ore and beer kegs are typical. Reuse does non hold to go on on the belongings itself ; used linens can be donated to shelters or other charitable organisations for reuse ( Willy, 2009 ) . Recycling stuffs is better pick than recycling, firing or landfill. Recycling different from recycling, recycling interruptions down an point into the basic parts and makes a new merchandise out of it, but recycling an points keeps the stuff in its original signifier and uses the point over and over once more for the same or different intent. Recycling as a agency of preservation can be turned into gross steam. The monetary value paid for recycled stuffs varies geographically and over clip ( Philip, 2009 ) . A recycled merchandise describes a merchandise that is made wholly or partially from secondary stuff recovered from consumer waste. Some merchandise are reduced to their natural province and remanufactured into something resembling their original province. In the instance of recycled paper, the newspaper gathered from invitee sleeping rooms and the used notepaper coming from the hotel transcript store are reduced back to their natural province of paper mush which is so used to bring forth more paper. Unfortunately, many merchandises recycled in this mode come back as lesser quality merchandise ( David, 2002 ) . Reduce as a means decreasing the sum points or resources that are consumed utilizing the sum that is needed. The illustration of the cut down undertaking that hotel can make is ; cut down the sum and toxicity of rubbish that hotel discard, possibilities include buying lasting, long permanent goods, seeking merchandise and packaging that are as toxin free as possible and redesigning merchandises to utilize fewer natural stuffs in production, last longer or can be used once more after their original intent. Hotel activities should be able to be safely assimilated into natural system, therefore foregrounding the demand of solid and liquid direction techniques Figure 3. Wastage that generated by hotel Solid waste in hotels has many constituents, including paper, nutrient, assorted metals, plastics, aluminium and glass. This gives a image of the assortment of waste that can be produces by merely a little figure of hotels in a metropolis. When looked at with a zero-waste attitude, these figures show the chances for both resource recovery and waste decrease. Implementing a solid waste decrease plan in a hotel can make important cost nest eggs in waste trucking fees while making a more environmentally friendly hotel ( Sarah, 2002 ) . This is particularly true as solid waste becomes a more important environmental issue and landfill fees addition. Frequently hotels hesitate to set up plan in solid direction because of the coordination and cooperation needed among direction, employees and invitees. However the cost benefit is an inducement.Implementing Green EnterprisesWhile many companies and persons talk about ways they can assist the environment, it is still merely a few that are really making a program of action. Meeting Professionals International or MPI took its first measure in 2006 at the Professional Education Conference, a convention of run intoing contrivers from around the universe. MPI worked with the convention centre to recycle merchandises from the meeting by donating leftover nutrient bank, donating marks to local schools for art undertakings and utilizing green providing for conference events ( Gardner, 2006 ) . These are simple ways to add a green enterprise to the hotel and integrate a no waste pattern at small cost. One manner meeting contrivers can larn what a hotel provides in term of green pattern is by puting green petition into the petition for proposal. Some contrivers are inquiring for recycling plans to be in topographic point. Planners are besides bespeaking that hotels have complete green plans in topographic point or their hotel will non be chosen for an event ( Gardner, 2006 ) Banquet Department Harmonizing to Nancy Wilson of Meeting Strategies Worldwide, these are some stairss that can be taken to green the hotel: Use e-mail alternatively of paper mail Use an online enrollment system Forgo passing out conference bags unless they are made of recycled stuffs A truly interesting idea is to take hotels either near the airdrome or shut to all activities associating to the meeting ( Gardner, 2006 ) . This will restrict C dioxide emanations by restricting the demand for vehicular transit from one location to the following. As for nutrient service, the feast section should update how nutrient and java interruptions are presented to the invitee. Alternatively of separately wrapped Sweets, honey, jams and picks, the hotel needs to exchange to bulk containers that can be reused many times, making less rubbish ( McPhee, 2006 ) . In add-on, alternatively of street arab utensils, silverware should be supplied to stir java and tea. Refillable H2O jugs that can be set up periodically throughout the meeting infinite with existent spectacless available should be used in topographic point of bottled H2O. Changing the lighting to energy efficient bulbs in the meeting infinite, fittingness centre and employee merely countries of the hotel will be high precedence. Groups have specific illuming demands for the meeting infinite, but the fittingness centre and back of house do non necessitate to hold many different types of illuming. Fortunately, there are many new efficient bulbs that can now be dimmed and adjusted to the groups ‘ demands in the event infinite ( Fedrizzi and Rogers, 2002 ) . The more intense undertaking will be put ining gesture detectors throughout the meeting infinite and back of house. These countries are used for a big sum of clip each twenty-four hours, but there are times when no 1 would be in the countries at all. If the detectors could turn the visible radiation on and off when person walks in or out of a room by observing organic structure heat, so the energy would be cut down in comparing to when the visible radiations are left on continuously ( Serlen, 2008 ) . Guest Room The invitee room is a hard location to implement alterations, as it requires the invitee to believe what the hotel would wish to alter. If the invitee wants new sheets each twenty-four hours, so the hotel most likely will compel the invitee to do them happy. That being said, many enterprises can be taken to do it easy for the invitee to take part in the new policies. Another facet is how to salvage energy in empty invitee suites. Harmonizing to Jeff Sobieski ( 2008 ) , hotel guestrooms are unoccupied about 60 % of the clip. This mean that for 60 % of the clip, the hotel can be in control of the temperature and lighting of a guestroom and pull off how much energy is being used during that clip without interfering with the invitee ‘s comfort. The following are two illustrations of energy salvaging scenarios that can take topographic point in invitee suites. The first is to alter visible radiation bulbs to energy efficient visible radiation bulbs that will last long and use less power. The other alteration is the â€Å" turn off ‘ plan. This plan will hold the Thermostat linked to the hotel database so the temperature can alter when the guest cheque in and out. This system can besides reset itself anytime the guest leaves the room ( Freed, 2008 ) . Besides, if the room has a balcony, anytime the balcony door opens, the temperature will reset itself. Ran in concurrence with the 2nd scenario, the â€Å" turn off † plan, hotels can utilize in-room tenancy sensors. These sensors use organic structure heat detectors to scan the room to look into is a invitee has entered or exited the room. Once it detects that person is in the room, the system will return the temperature of the room back to the invitee ‘s penchant. The detectors can besides be used as a manner to maintain the visible radiations from being left on all twenty-four hours and dark. If there is no motion in a present sum of clip, the detectors can describe database that it is All right to turn off the visible radiations. While this will salvage energy, some guest prefers to walk into a room with light. This can be fixed by holding a hall light bend on when the forepart door opens so the invitee is non come ining a dark room. This can be managed by a detector or by a connexion between the door and the visible radiation ( Hanna, 2008 ) . Restaurant The countries of eating house and kitchens that are non seen by invitees can salvage energy through a survey of how the contraptions are used and comparing that to how they are supposed to be used. The chief manner to salvage energy in the kitchens is to learn the staff the proper manner to utilize the equipment ( Jones, 2002 ) . For illustration teach the staff to shut the icebox door when non in usage. In add-on, maintaining the equipment cleaned and maintained will do certain that the equipment is running at its best degree ; this will assist guarantee the lowest sum of energy would be used ( Lawn, 2008 ) The thought of replacing the contraptions in the laundry country besides can be applied to hotel kitchens. For illustration, a new energy star steam cooker can be 60 % more efficient than the regular theoretical accounts available ( Brodsky, 2005 ) . This type of nest eggs can be applied to all the contraptions. Housekeeping or Laundry The energy salvaging in the laundry country will necessitate some installation of new contraptions and systems. While there will be an initial cost associated with the new contraptions, it will salvage energy in the long tally. The first alteration will be to put in new gas driers that can dry cloth more rapidly and utilize less energy. The other new system is a heat recovery unit that can salvage the heat from the old H2O rhythm in the wash and reassign the heat to the clean H2O being used in the following rhythm ( Fedrizzi and Rogers, 2002 ) . Both of these options are making new ways to conserve energy, but non altering the existent procedure of making wash. The hotel ‘s housekeeping staff would be responsible for watching for leaks throughout all invitee suites and hotel infinite. Harmonizing to Ashwin Patel ( 2008 ) , a individual leak can blow 10,000 litres yearly ; all sinks, showers and lavatories need to be checked for leaks. These are initial measure and easy holes that can be taken while waiting for larger enterprises to take topographic point.Expectation from Green HotelFor many old ages, the hotel industry was loath to admit any important influence on the natural milieus. Hotel edifices for the illustration, due to their very specific and alone map and operational form, by and large have a much larger ecological impact than other commercial edifices of similar size. At the same clip, the well being and development of the touristry and the hotel industry relies to a great extent on the handiness of clean, natural environment ( Paulina, Branko and Ivo, 2004 ) The most of import side consequence of traveling green is to make a more sustainable environment. This is the chief end of all the aforesaid enterprises. Besides, the illustrations of alterations have shown the nest eggs that can be achieved for the hotel. However, one chief positive facet may look a small selfish. There are many grounds why company chooses to make the undertakings they do, and for the most portion it is because the hotel wants to be viewed positively by client or invitee. Harmonizing to Patrick Hartman and Vanessa Ibanez ( 2006 ) , if the trade name is considered green, so consumers are willing to pay more for that merchandise. This allows the hotel to experience as if they are making something good for the environment while go toing the conference they planned on attention. Hypothesis 1: Hotel that operate green patterns will ensue in the betterment of operational costs and less of net income Hypothesis 2:

Asperger Syndrome 3

Asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder and is considered a high functioning form of Autism. Autism spectrum disorders are also known as pervasive developmental disorders and can affect social skills and communication. Asperger syndrome can also delay the development of motor skills and cause sensory problems. While there is no cure for Asperger syndrome, there are treatments to help teach the skills affected by Asperger to patients to help them cope with the disorder. Research is currently being conducted to find the causes of Asperger syndrome and other effective treatment methods. The symptoms of Asperger syndrome are caused by delays in several areas of development such as social skills, communication skills, motor skills, and language skills. Patients with Asperger syndrome can become over-focused on a single topic or object and will want to know everything about the topic and will talk very little about anything else. Their areas of interest may be extremely narrow and they will often rattle off facts about their topic of interest with no conclusion or connection to conversation (Asperger Syndrome-PubMed Health). Asperger patients also exhibit social awkwardness and have trouble forming relationships. Eye contact, use of facial expressions, and body language are impaired in patients and can inhibit regulation of social interaction. Patients may also lack emotional empathy and the ability to recognize social cues (OASIS @ MAAP – What Is Asperger Syndrome? . Speech may have a lack of rhythm, odd inflection, or a monotone pitch in patients with Asperger syndrome. They may also lack the control to match the volume of their voice to their surroundings (Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet). Asperger syndrome patients may show delays in motor development and exhibit unusual physical behaviors such as repetitive arm flapping, twisting, or other whole body movements (Asperger Syndrome – PubMed Healt h). Asperger syndrome is very difficult to diagnose. People with Asperger syndrome often function very well in everyday life, so the signs and symptoms exhibited are often just recognized as â€Å"quirks† or a way of just being different. If a child exhibits any symptoms of Asperger syndrome, it is extremely important to seek the help of a doctor and they will refer you to a mental health professional or a specialist for further evaluation. A â€Å"psychological exam† will be performed to compile a history of when the symptoms first apeared, the development of motor skills and language patterns, and other aspects of behavior and ersonality. The earlier an evaluation is conducted, the sooner treatments can be started to improve a child’s development with Asperger syndrome (Asperger Syndrome). Asperger syndrome has no cure, but with treatments and medications, many children with Asperger syndrome grow into well-developed, productive adults. The majority of diagnosed children benefit from specialized treatments that f ocus on social skills training and behavior management. Some of these treatments include communication and social skills training and cognitive behavioral therapy. There are no medications that specifically treat Asperger syndrome, but there are some medications that can help improve symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and hyperactivity including Aripiprazole, Guanfacine, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Risperidone, Olanzapine, and Naltrexone (Staff, Mayo Clinic). Parent training is also helpful in continuing treatment at home and teaches parents techniques to be used at home to better their child’s development (Asperger Syndrome – PubMed Health). Research is currently being conducted to understand the causes of Asperger syndrome and to find more effective treatments. A study is currently being conducted using functional magnetic resonance imaging to show how abnormalities in particular areas of the brain can cause the symptoms of Asperger syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. There is also a large-scale study comparing neuropsychological and psychiatric assessments of children with possible diagnoses of Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism to those of their parents and sibling to try to identify any patterns of symptoms that link Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism to any specific neuropsychological profiles. A long-rang international study conducted by a collection of scientists from universities, academic centers, and institutions from around the world to collect and analyze DNA sample from children with Asperger syndrome and high-function autism, along with their families, to identify associated genes and how they interact. This study is better known as the Autism Genome Project and functions as a repository for genetic data so that researchers can try to find the genetic â€Å"building blocks† of Asperger syndrome an autism spectrum disorders (Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet). Asperger syndrome is a high-functioning form of autism and is considered an autism spectrum disorder. It delays the development of many areas such as communication and social skills. Even though there is no cure for Asperger syndrome, with the right treatments and medications, most children with a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome and their families learn to cope with the symptoms of this disorder. Many adults with Asperger syndrome can develop to be happy, well-functioning, and productive adults with successful mainstream jobs and lead fulfilling independent lives with the right kind of treatment plans and support available to them. Works Cited â€Å"Asperger Syndrome – PubMed Health. † Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . â€Å"Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet. † National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . â€Å"Asperger Syndrome. † KidsHealth – the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . â€Å"OASIS @ MAAP – What Is Asperger Syndrome? † OASIS @ MAAP – The Online Asperger Syndrome Information and Support Center. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . Staff, Mayo Clinic. â€Å"Asperger's Syndrome – MayoClinic. com. † Mayo Clinic. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. .

Compare the female characters in DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Thomas Hardys Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver Essay Example

Compare the female characters in DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Thomas Hardys Tony Kytes, the Arch Compare the female characters in DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Thomas Hardys Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver Paper Compare the female characters in DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Thomas Hardys Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver Paper Essay Topic: Literature Short Fiction of Dh Lawrence Both DH Lawrences Tickets, Please and Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver deal with relationships between men and women and the rejection of women by men. At the beginning of Tickets, Please, Annie is peremptory and one of the fearless young hussies that controls the tramcars. At the end after Annie and John Thomas roller coaster-like relationship, it is clear that something has broken in her. Annie tried very hard to keep John Thomas at arms length, which is emphasised by its repetition, whereas, in Tony Kytes, the women are almost desperate to marry Tony Kytes. But in the end, after Hannah Jolliver had refused Tony Kytes, Unity Sallet will not take Hannahs leavings and walks away but looks back to see if Tony is following her. In the end, Tony ends up with Milly, after-all as she doesnt believe that Tony didnt really mean what he had said to them. In Tickets, Please, the women cope with their rejection by attacking him, and in Tony Kytes the women cope with rejection by secretly wishing to marry him. In Tony Kytes, the man gets the girl at the end, but the man in Tickets, Please gets nothing. Throughout history, the relationship between men and women has changed significantly due to the social and historical climate. In the Victorian era, women were treated as objects that were owned by the young suitors that were found for them. Their main aim in life was to find a young man and settle down. As time progressed and the First World War began, men had to leave to fight a common enemy. This meant that women had acquired a new role as they started to work in factories, in the jobs the men had left behind. This set a new agenda for women as they took back control of their lives. This means that although the stories deal with the same subject, the time difference sets them apart. This fact also alters the way the women in the stories act. Annie, from Tickets, Please stays sharp all the way through the story, even when rejected by John Thomas. The women in Tony Kytes, on the other hand, are more concerned with looking for a husband, and so they are more willing to forgive Tonys deceit. In the opening paragraph of Tickets, Please, DH Lawrence describes a single-line tramway system that boldly makes its way through the black industrial countryside up hill and down dale hrough the long, ugly villages of the Midlands. Repetition of ugly and again conveys just how boring dull and ugly the countryside is and how tedious the journey becomes. The way that DH Lawrence opens the story is effective. He describes the journey of the rickety, old tram that plunges itself into darkness as it races through stark, grimy, cold little market places. It conveys metaphorically the roller coaster-like relationship that Annie has with the slithering snail, John Thomas. The short phrases in the first sentence linked with commas, also gives the impression of a dangerous tram journey. The train speeds through the Midlands and the speed is conveyed by the use of word like up and down, high, tilting, rush, down and up again. We feel as if we are travelling by tram as it gathers momentum before reaching a climax. The reader is held on tenterhooks at a precipitous drop. Lawrence uses personification to describe the tram, city-cars and the gloomy Midlands. The tram is described as reckless, breathless and as patient suggesting that something is wrong with it. It also referred to as bold. He uses alliteration in pause and purr as the tram observes with curious satisfaction. This animal imagery, suggests that the tramcar is cat-like. The movement in the first sentence suggests the darting and movements of a cat. The city cars are great crimson and cream coloured, which makes the tramcar feel somewhat abashed, but it is still perky, jaunty and daredevil like Annie. The simile green as a jaunty sprig of parsley out of a black colliery garden acts as a medium to draw contrast between the colourful reckless tram and its bleak surroundings. The opening paragraph in Tickets, Please prepares the reader for Annies character by metaphorically comparing the trams journey to her brave and courageous nature. This prepares us for Annies entrance because Annie and the tram display the bold and reckless spirit. Verbs like plunges, tilting prepare the reader for Annies reckless, breathless adventure with John Thomas. The most important adjective that links Annie and the tram is bold, because it suggests the danger involved in the tram journey and the danger in Annies relationship with John Thomas. Animal imagery is used when Annie is introduced. Words like wild, alive little creature and swift depict Annies quick nature. In Tony Kytes the surroundings are very different from Tickets, Please. It is set in Dorset countryside in the 1890s and portrays an idyllic picture of fields and carts, whereas in Tickets, Please the industrial countryside sets the tone for a bleak landscape. In Tony Kytes there is very little description but from the tone and mood of the characters conversation it can be constructed as warm and bright where everyone is jolly. Both John Thomas and Tony Kytes are popular with the ladies and have had many different partners. Tony Kytes has a weak character, as he is indecisive on who to marry, whereas, John Thomas, a fine cock-of-the-walk, is in complete control of the relationships he has. Tony Kytes is very serious looking and unsmiling young man. He had many scars from Smallpox on his face, which gave him a rugged yet handsome appearance. He was the womens favourite and he loved em in shoals. On the other hand, John Thomas is very good looking with an impudent smile which draws the ladies to him. In Tickets, Please John Thomas is portrayed as a confident dominant character who is always in charge of the relationship whereas Tony Kytes also controls the women who are eager to please him. They hide in the cart when told to do so. John Thomas does not want a serious relationship while Tony Kytes is ready for commitment. Unlike John Thomas who resented women who took an intelligent interest in him, Tony Kytes is not intentionally deceptive as he lies to them in order to save their feelings. In the opening paragraph of Tickets, Please, DH Lawrence prepares the reader for Annies character by describing the tramcars that are driven by men unfit for active service: cripples and hunchbacks. As a result of the war there was gender balance as men and women were companions in peril. The strong hussies were a contrast to the delicate young men. The semantic field of animals is used in describing the fearless young hussies that pounce on youths who try to evade their ticket-machine. Annie is peremptory and suspicious; she guards her Thermopylae with her heart of stone. In contrast, her vulnerability shown by her wild romance which beats in her sturdy bosom. She is something of a Tartar and has kept John Thomas at arms length with her sharp tongue for many months. Annie and John Thomas are companions in peril, brief equality brought about by the war. As the men were away at war, all the jobs that were previously done by men had to be done by women. This brought on a very good feeling between the girls and drivers. On the other hand, Milly Richards in Tony Kytes is a nice, light, tender, little thing. She epitomises the ideal, weak, submissive Victorian woman. Unity Sallet is a handsome girl who Tony had been very tender toward before he had been engaged to Milly. Unity like Annie is blunt and forward and flirts with Tony, she repeats his name in a tender chide to flatter him. Unity takes control of him by asking him by asking him if she is prettier than she? When Tony speaks to Milly, she repeats you, which emphasises that Tony had requested her presence; she suggests that she had been keeping a promise like any reliable person would do. Milly fits in with the Victorian view of women in that she is subservient. She expects men to make decisions and makes little complaint about Tonys flirtation with Unity and Hannah but her grief at Tonys deceit is shown when she lets out a long moan. It is significant that she is metaphorically compared to a mouse when she emits an angry, spiteful squeak. Milly unlike Annie is weak. She respects his name to make him feel big and important. She greets him with My dear Tony, which shows that she feels graced by his presence. Certainly dearest Tony, she emphasises agreeing to all his suggestions and comments. This shows that Milly is humbled to do whatever Tony wants her to do. For Annie, John Thomas represents power, danger and excitement, like the fairground rides, but like the rides, he is an artificial wartime substitute- showy on the outside but lacking substance. Lawrence warns the reader that their relationship is doomed as he has been involved in scandal. He is always walking ou t with new girls who quit the service frequently when he leaves them. The reader gets the impression that Annie will get the same treatment. Lawrence writes that there was a sad decline in brilliance and luxury; the coconut shies were artificial wartime substitutes which is a warning of the decline and artificial nature of the couples relationship. Nouns like Dragons and the adjective grim-toothed suggest the excitement and fascination John Thomas has for Annie. The electrical metaphor shows the power and force pulling them apart and like electricity, which is quick like their relationship. The dark, damp and drizzly fields show that their relationship is dark and dying which is emphasised by the alliteration. The repetition of after-all suggests that Annie is making excuses for being with John Thomas. She is attracted to him having held him at arms length in the past knowing his character. D H Lawrence repeats after-all to emphasise the fact that deep down Annie knows that she should not succumb to John Thomas and show her struggle with feeling. Her helplessness and vulnerability is highlighted as she makes justifications for her behaviour. In Millys relationship with Tony Kytes, neither is in control, others make their decisions for them. Tony Kytes father wants him to marry Milly, so he initially he decides against her, then Hannah and Unitys rejection pushes Tony Kytes into marriage with Milly. Milly is a traditional Victorian girl, which means that she is very loyal and will do whatever Tony wants her to because she reflects values of the Victorian era. At the end of the story, Tony loses control of the cart, which is a metaphor for him, losing control of the three women he was controlling earlier. Annie believes that she can control John Thomas as she prided herself that he could not leave her. The possessive female was aroused in Annie and she wanted to take an intelligent interest in him. John Thomas is in control and so he left her. The short sentence conveys the finality and brutality of the break-up. She is startled, staggered and uncertain and feels fury, indignation, desolation, misery and a spasm of despair, while John Thomas is like an animal, enjoying pastures new. She missed the warm glow she felt inside whenever she was near him. She exacts revenge because he steps on her car impudently, letting her see by the moment of his that the had gone away to somebody else. D H Lawrence uses the repetition of then to show the stages in Annies grief. It breaks down the paragraph like punctuation and it gives her emotions and reactions a monotonous feel. It gives you the impression that Annie has gone through various stages in her feelings almost like a tidal wave. Annie exacts her revenge on John Thomas by organising the other girls to attack John Thomas. Annies movement is metaphorically described as a cat. The girls are in control, but see their action as fun whereas John Thomas sees red and he butted through the girls and wrenched at the door. He is violent but also afraid. The girls brutality and savagery is conveyed as they act like animals, wild creatures. They rain blows in a wild frenzy and mad terror and strike him with wild blows. John Thomas is at the mercy of the captor and is like a defeated animal while the girls metaphorically gain control. The animal imagery vividly conveys the womens anger, pain and frustration. Lawrence writes outside was the darkness and lawlessness of wartime which is comparing the cosy interior of the waiting room to the lawlessness of the womens behaviour. It is an ironic metaphor to trick the reader into thinking it is pleasant in the room until the violence breaks out. In Tony Kytes, Hardy does not concentrate unlike Lawrence. John Thomas gives into pressure and chooses Annie but with malice. She refuses to have him but with bitter hopelessness as if she would have liked to have had him under different circumstances. But in the end nobody wants him. In Tony Kytes, Tony gives into pressure when they talk to him on the cart. Both Unity and Hannah flirt with him and put him under pressure to choose one of them instead of Milly. He persuades then to get under the tarpaulin by saying hell reconsider his decision to marry Milly, Ill put a loving question to you instead of Milly. The anger of the girls is directed at each other because they are jealous of Tonys interest in each other. Tony gives in to pressure from the girls but seems content to have Milly in the end, although she is not his original choice. Tickets, Please is written in the third person. It is objective and formal and it creates distance between the writer and the reader. It evokes the seriousness of the tale and sets a dark scene starting with a long descriptive opening paragraph. The reader feels as if something bad might happen to Annie after keeping John Thomas at arms length when she finally gives in to him. It contains a serious message about relationships and what men and women are capable of doing to each other. In Tony Kytes there is little description: it is told in the first person narrative, as a fictional character reminisces about events in the story. Its written in an informal style as much of the tale unfolds through dialogue. The characters are humorous and their actions are more like something you might read in a fairy tale. The introduction is conversational and informal which suggests the light-hearted nature of the story. The narrator does not place a lot of emphasis on the tale. He is slightly scornful of the women and their ridiculous behaviour. The landscape in Tickets, Please hints at different traits of the characters and is symbolic of Annie and John Thomas relationship. Tony Kytes is timid and meek, with his idyllic and romanticised notions. The title Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver is ironic because hes not really an arch-deceiver. Hes just weak and pathetic which is shown in his indecisive behaviour. It mocks Tony because his deceit finally rebounds on him. The title Tickets, Please refers to the girls job on the tramcars, but also suggests that the story is about them. Both stories are written by men, which makes the women portrayed to be the mens ideal. It is significant that at the end of the stories the women want the men in spite of their treatment, which suggests that ultimately the men are the winners. In Tony Kytes, the girls seem frivolous, they dont seem like real people with emotions, unlike Tickets, Please, where the girls emotions seem real, like many women, Annie prided herself that he could not leave her. Words of the period have been used but the writers to make the stories feel more authentic. The dialect used is relative to both stories in the way it is written. Words such as twas, ee and baddish are used to give flavour of the period and reflect the West Country mode of speech. In Tickets, Please the words like hussies and lasses suggests the working class environment of the countryside. Lawrence gives the impression that women are on the same as footing as men. They are capable of deciding what they want and how they get it, even if in the end theyre dissatisfied at the outcome. Hardy gives the impression that women want to get married and that marriage is not about love, but about whom the man would like to marry. In conclusion, human nature is very powerful and the plots make the reader reflect on the human experience.

Basils Changes As Related To Wildes Opinion On A Essays

Basil's Changes As Related To Wilde's Opinion On A Essays Basil's Changes As Related To Wilde's Opinion On Art A Picture of Dorian Gray Basil's Changes As Related To Wilde's Opinion On Art Oscar Wilde, author of The Picture of Dorian Gray, makes Basil's life change drastically by having him paint a portrait of Dorian Gray and express too much of himself in it, which, in Wilde's mind, is a troublesome obstacle to circumvent. Wilde believes that the artist should not portray any of himself in his work, so when Basil does this, it is he who creates his own downfall, not Dorian. Wilde introduces Basil to Dorian when Basil begins to notice Dorian staring at him at a party. Basil "suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at [him]. [He] turned halfway around and saw Dorian Gray for the first time" (Wilde 24). Basil immediately notices him, however Basil is afraid to talk to him. His reason for this is that he does "not want any external influence in [his] life" (Wilde 24). This is almost a paradox in that it is eventually his own internal influence that destroys him. Wilde does this many times throughout the book. He loved using paradoxes and that is why Lord Henry, the character most similar to Wilde, is quoted as being called "Price Paradox." Although Dorian and Basil end up hating each other, they do enjoy meeting each other for the first time. Basil finds something different about Dorian. He sees him in a different way than he sees other men. Dorian is not only beautiful to Basil, but he is also gentle and kind. This is when Basil falls in love with him and begins to paint the picture. Basil begins painting the picture, but does not tell anyone about it, including Dorian, because he knows that there is too much of himself in it. Lord Henry discovers the painting and asks Basil why he will not display it. Lord Henry thinks that it is so beautiful it should be displayed in a museum. Basil argues that the reason he will not display the painting is because he is "afraid that [he] has shown in it the secret of his soul" (Wilde 23). This is another paradox because he has not only shown the secret of his soul, but the painting eventually comes to show the secret of Dorian's soul also. In the preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde explains that "to reveal art and conceal the artist is art's aim" (Wilde 17). Basil realizes that he has not concealed himself in the painting and therefore feels the painting is not worth anything. After Lord Henry sees the painting, he asks to meet Dorian. Basil says that would not be good because his "influence would be bad" (Wilde 31). Basil is correct in saying this because Lord Henry is the main person who helps Dorian to destroy himself. Lord Henry disregards Basil's request and meets Dorian anyway. This is the beginning of the end for both Dorian and Basil because Lord Henry's influence pollutes Dorian. Lord Henry taunts Dorian and continues to remind him of all the sin that is building up and that even though his body is not aging, his soul is deteriorating fast. When Basil notices that Dorian has not changed physically in many years, he is curious to know how Dorian stayed beautiful, but also wants to know why Dorian has changed so much emotionally. Basil does not have the painting on display, but rather keeps it in the attic. When Dorian comes over one day, he and Basil are talking when Basil asks, "I wonder do I know you? Before I could answer that, I should have to see your soul." (Wilde 216) Dorian goes into a rage and takes Basil upstairs to see his soul which is concealed in the painting. When Basil sees the painting which is bloody and atrocious looking, he cannot believe that he painted it. Dorian reassures him that it is indeed Basil's painting. In that painting is all of Dorian's hate, fear, and sadness reduced onto a canvass. When Dorian sees the picture, he blames Basil for it and picks up a knife laying on a nearby table and stabs Basil. He then takes the knife and stabs the painting in the heart, killing his soul, and returning the painting to its original form. Wilde constructs this in an interesting way because after Dorian stabs the picture, which is a representation of his soul, Wilde shows Dorian laying on the ground, wrinkled and disgusting, with a knife in his heart. Wilde did this to show that when Dorian stabbed the painting, he was actually stabbing himself. Oscar Wilde first portrays Dorian Gray as a sweet, sensitive man whom everyone admires.

Flowering Dogwood Care and Identification

Flowering Dogwood Care and Identification Flowering Dogwood grows 20 to 35 feet tall and spreads 25 to 30 feet. It can be trained with one central trunk or as a multi-trunked tree. The flowers consist of four bracts below the small head of yellow flowers. The bracts may be pink or red depending on cultivar but the species color is white. Fall leaf color on most sun grown plants will be red to maroon. The bright red fruits are often eaten by birds. Fall leaf color of Dogwood is more vivid in USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 8A. Specifics: Scientific name: Cornus floridaPronunciation: KOR-nus FLOR-ih-duhCommon name(s): Flowering DogwoodFamily: CornaceaeUSDA hardiness zones:: 5 through 9AOrigin: Native to North AmericaUses: Wide tree lawns; medium-sized tree lawns; near a deck or patio; screen; shade tree; narrow tree lawns; specimenAvailability: Generally available in many areas within its hardiness range. Popular Cultivars: Several of the cultivars listed are not readily available. Pink-flowering cultivars grow poorly in USDA hardiness zones 8 and 9. ‘Apple Blossom’ - pink bracts; ‘Cherokee Chief’ - red bracts; ‘Cherokee Princess’ - white bracts; ‘Cloud 9’ - white bracts, flowers young; ‘Fastigiata’ - upright growth while young, spreading with age; ‘First Lady’ - leaves variegated with yellow turning red and maroon in the fall; ‘Gigantea’ - bracts six inches from tip of one bract to tip of opposite bract. More Cultivars: Magnifica - bracts rounded, four-inch-diameter pairs of bracts; Multibracteata - double flowers; New Hampshire - flower buds cold hardy; Pendula - weeping or drooping branches; Plena - double flowers; var. rubra - pink bracts; Springtime - bracts white, large, blooms at an early age; Sunset - supposedly resistant to anthracnose; Sweetwater Red - bracts red; Weavers White - large white flowers, adapted to the south; Welchii - leaves variegated with yellow and red. Description: Height: 20 to 30 feetSpread: 25 to 30 feetCrown uniformity: Symmetrical canopy with a regular (or smooth) outline, and individuals have more or less identical crown formsCrown shape: roundCrown density: moderate Trunk and Branches: Trunk/bark/branches: Droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; routinely grown with, or trainable to be grown with, multiple trunks; not particularly showy; tree wants to grow with several trunks but can be trained to grow with a single trunk.Pruning requirement: Needs little pruning to develop a strong structureBreakage: resistantCurrent year twig color: greenCurrent year twig thickness: medium Foliage: Leaf arrangement: opposite/suboppositeLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: entireLeaf shape: ovateLeaf venation: bowed; pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 4 to 8 inches; 2 to 4 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: redFall characteristic: showy Flowers: Flower color: Bracts are white, actual flower is yellowFlower characteristics: Spring flowering; very showyThe showy flowers are, in fact, bracts that subtend a boss of 20 to 30 real flowers each of which are less than one-quarter inch in size. The actual flowers of Cornus florida are not white. Culture: Light requirement: Tree grows in part shade/part sun; tree grows in the shade; tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; slightly alkaline; acidic; well-drained.Drought tolerance: moderateAerosol salt tolerance: lowSoil salt tolerance: poor In Depth: Dogwood branches on the lower half of the crown grow horizontally, those in the upper half are more upright. In time, this can lend a strikingly horizontal impact to the landscape, particularly if some branches are thinned to open up the crown. Lower branches left on the trunk will droop to the ground, creating a wonderful landscape feature. Dogwood is not suited for parking lot planting but can be grown in a wide street median, if provided with less than full-day sun and irrigation. Dogwood is a standard tree in many gardens where it is used by the patio for light shade, in the shrub border to add spring and fall color or as a specimen in the lawn or groundcover bed. It can be grown in sun or shade but shaded trees will be less dense, grow more quickly and taller, have poor fall color, and less flowers. Trees prefer part shade (preferably in the afternoon) in the southern end of its range. Many nurseries grow the trees in full sun, but they are irrigated regularly. Flowering Dogwood prefers a deep, rich, well-drained, sandy or clay soil and has a moderately long life. It is not recommended in the New Orleans area and other heavy, wet soils unless it is grown on a raised bed to keep roots on the dry side. The roots will rot in soils without adequate drainage.

Frequent Manual Repositioning and Incidence of Pressure Ulcers Essay

Frequent Manual Repositioning and Incidence of Pressure Ulcers - Essay Example Longer hospital stays and costs, as well as the substantial pain and suffering on the part of the patient, can be reduced if the focus will be given to preventing pressure ulcers. Frantz, Tang & Titler (2004) stated in their article that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) conducted a literature review in the summer of 1990 and found out that the incidence of pressure ulcers range from 2.7%to 29.5%, 9% of it occur in general population while 66% occur in high risk populations.Based on the results of the statistics, the population at relative high risks for pressure ulcers are more likely to have more incidences of the case.Thus, bedbound patients are at high risks for developing pressure ulcers. Learning the susceptibility of a population to develop pressure ulcers, a number of preventive measures including international and clinical guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention have been recommended; among of which include frequent repositioning of patients with limited mobility. Although repositioning is an accepted and a standard guideline for pressure ulcer prevention, there are limited evidence and studies that would support the effectiveness of repositioning in reducing the incidences of pressure ulcers (Rich et al., 2011, 11). In addition, studies suggest that repositioning should depend on the level of tissue injury or stages of pressure ulcers. Therefore, before accepting repositioning as a standard practice at a national level, guidelines about the appropriate assessment tool to use and the correct number and duration of turns in repositioning must be well-established to render effective and cost-reducing prevention as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services no longer reimburses hospitals for treatment of hospital-acquired stage 3 and 4 pressure ulcers due to the reason that pressure ulcer can be prevented by using the current evidence-based practice guidelines (Cox, 2011, 365). Early studies about preventing pressure ulcers throug h repositioning correlate to the number of movements of elderly at night. Hampton (2009) stated that an elderly make 20-40 full turns with small position changes every 5–10 minutes at night (p. 65). This should be a number of movements an elderly should do in order to prevent pressure ulcers; however, the number of turns is not applicable to bedbound patients as it only applies to healthy adults. Then on, subsequent studies focus on the duration of pressure as the most important indicator of pressure ulcer susceptibility until repositioning every two hours develop and become a ritual practice. Repositioning the patient regularly is proven to reduce the incidences of pressure ulcer, however, turning every two hours can increase the risk of shearing and friction leading to damaged tissues (Hampton, 2009, 65). Thus, turning every two hours could not be effective in preventing pressure ulcer because increased friction is also a contributing factor for pressure ulcer development.à ‚  

Course work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Course work - Coursework Example se; the answer of this synchronous communication is that the answer of the interviewer is more spontaneous, without an extended reflection (Pistone, Riccomagno & Wynn 2001, 78). Face to face interview can also be recorder if the interviewees give permission, making it more accurate than writing notes. It also enhances interviewer ambience; making use of a standardization of the situation. The use of questionnaire ensures there are already formulated questions that require responses, thus reducing time wastages during the interview. These formulated questions are quiet clear of the type of response that is required. A part from questionnaire being practical, large amount of data collected within a short duration of time make this method relatively cost efficient. It can also be carried out by any one with limited research analysis knowledge. On the disadvantage part, with the use of questionnaire it is not possible to determine the level of truthiness of the information they give and how much the respondent thought has put (Spurr & Bonini 1973, 156). In some cases, the respondent may miss interpret the question thereby, giving irrelevant response. b.) Standard deviation is the inverse of precision. A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be very close to their arithmetic mean whereas high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over large range of values (Barra & Herbach 1980, 45). Standard deviation of company A tends to cluster around the mean as opposed to the standard deviation of company B; hence larger standard deviation implies lower precision. In most countries, more than 50% of urban population have access to these social amenities; generally, there seem to be more access to the amenities in urban compared to rural apart from Gambia where the reverse is justified but by marginal difference. c.) The development agency should target the rural area part of West Africa. This is due to the fact that almost